Bhikusa Yamasa Kshatriya v. Sangamner Akola Bidi Kamgar Union
AIR 1963 SC 806 · Supreme Court of India
The Factories Act can apply according to the statutory definition even where the establishment is organised in a dispersed putting-out system.
Unit IV · Labour Law – II
Factories Act, 1948: health, safety, hours and welfare
Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.
Statute sections
| Act / instrument | Section | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Factories Act, 1948 | 2(m) | Factory |
| Factories Act, 1948 | 11–20 | Health provisions |
| Factories Act, 1948 | 51–59 | Working hours of adults |
| Factories Act, 1948 | 67–70 | Employment of young persons |
Landmark cases
J.K. Industries Ltd. v. Chief Inspector of Factories
(1996) 6 SCC 665 · Supreme Court of India
Occupier liability is fastened on a director; the company cannot nominate a mere manager to dilute the statutory burden.
M.C. Mehta v. Union of India
AIR 1987 SC 1086 · Supreme Court of India
Hazardous factories owe an absolute and non-delegable duty; compensation and closure can follow industrial disaster.
Previous-year questions
Mapped 6 / 10 / 15-mark questions on this topic. Frequency is how many papers repeat the question.
- 6 Welfare of Labour. · 8×
- 10 A worker, while working in the office, suffered a heart attack and died. The legal heirs of the workman claimed compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1948. Advise. · 2×
- 15 Briefly discuss the provisions for health, safety and welfare of workers under the Factories Act, 1948. · 2×
- 10 Wives of 3 workmen employed in a textile factory work in place of their husbands for about half an hour every day after 7 p.m., while the husbands take meals brought by them. Discuss whether there is a violation of any provision of the Factories Act, 1948. · 1×
- 15 Discuss the provisions relating to health, safety and welfare under the Factories Act, 1948. · 1×
- 15 State the provisions of the Factories Act with regard to Health, Safety and Welfare of the Labour. · 1×
- 15 Explain the various benefits available under the ESI Act, 1948. · 1×