Unit I · Family Law – II (Muslim Law and Other Personal Laws)

Sources and schools of Muslim law; nikah

Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.

Statute sections

Act / instrument	Section	Name
Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937	2	Application of personal law to Muslims
Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937	3	Power to make a declaration

Landmark cases

Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum

AIR 1985 SC 945 · Supreme Court of India

Muslim personal law is applied subject to statutory law; the Court traced marriage and maintenance to both the Shariat and secular statute.

Abdul Kadir v. Salima

ILR (1886) 8 All 149 · Allahabad High Court

Nikah is a civil contract completed by offer, acceptance and the presence of witnesses; dower is an essential incident.

Previous-year questions

Mapped 6 / 10 / 15-mark questions on this topic. Frequency is how many papers repeat the question.

6 Sources of Muslim Law. · 5×
6 Schools of Muslim law. · 3×
15 Discuss the essential requirements of Muslim Marriage. Distinguish between Void, Irregular and Valid Marriages. · 2×
15 What are the sources of Muslim Law? · 2×
15 What are the essential requirements of the Valid Marriage under Muslim Law? · 2×
6 Tradition as a source of Muslim Law. · 1×
6 Guardian for Muslim Minor. · 1×
6 Nikah. · 1×
10 A Sunni Muslim dies leaving behind two wives, mother and three daughters. Distribute the estate. · 1×
10 A Muslim male already married to a Muslim lady, wants to marry her sister. If contracted, what will be the nature of such marriage? Will it be valid? · 1×
10 A Muslim wants to gift away his entire self acquired property for religious and spiritual purpose. He is seeking your legal opinion. Advice. · 1×
10 A Muslim would like to give away 50% of his property by will to his near relatives. Can he bequeath such an extent of property? Explain. · 1×
10 A Sunni Muslim male died leaving behind his mother, two wives, one son and one daughter. Decide the shares of each of the legal heirs. · 1×
10 A Muslim male dies intestate leaving behind two sons and two daughters. Distribute his property as per Sunni law of succession. · 1×
10 A Muslim male divorced his wife and refused maintain his divorced wife beyond the Iddat Period. Advise her as to her rights. · 1×
10 A Muslim male dies leaving behind his two wives, a mother and three daughters. Divide his property among the sharers. · 1×
10 'A' a Muslim Pronounced Talaq for 3 times to one of his wives 'B'. Explain the rights of 'B' under Muslim Law. · 1×
10 'A' a Sunni Muslim dies leaving behind his widow, father, two daughters and two sons. Distribute the property. · 1×
10 A Muslim marriage is contracted without any Dower fixed by the Parties. Will such marriage be valid? Explain. · 1×
10 If a Muslim wants to give away the whole property belongs to him to a religious trust. Give legal opinion. · 1×
10 'M' a Muslim female died leaving her two daughters father, mother and husband. Distribute her property. · 1×
10 A, a Muslim, pronounced triple talaq to his wife at a time. Explain the rights of such divorced wife. · 1×
10 'P' a Hindu married 'Q' a Muslim girl in a Marriage function hall as per the Hindu customary ceremonies. After some time P abandoned Q. Q wants to file a petition for restitution of conjugal rights. Will she be successful? · 1×
10 A Waqf is created for the purpose of providing medical education to poor muslim children. But the Mutawalli used the funds for constructing a new mosque. What is the legal validity of the act done by Mutawalli? · 1×
10 'X' a Sunni Muslim married a 'Y' a Hindu girl after her conversion to Islam. After a period of 5 years of marriage Y wants to come out of the marriage. What is the way out to Y without going to a court of Law? · 1×
10 A Muslim male, who is living abroad would like to divorce his wife living in India. For this purpose, he delegated this right to his father. Will such delegation be valid? · 1×
10 A, a Muslim woman is not married to B, a muslim man. A conceives a child from B. When the child is born, B acknowledges the child as his child. Is the child legitimate? · 1×
10 A, a Muslim male always describes and compares his wife with his sister. Aggrieved by the behavior of the husband, the wife seeking your legal advice. Explain. · 1×
10 'A' a Hindu married male converted to Islam, after conversion he married again another Muslim girl. Examine the validity of 'A's second marriage with Muslim. · 1×
15 Explain the conditions that render a Muslim Marriage Void and Irregular and effects of such marriages. · 1×
15 Write an essay on the various grounds of divorce available under Muslim Law for a Muslim Husband. · 1×
15 Explain the meaning of the Guardian. What are the different kinds of Guardians under Muslim Law? · 1×
15 Explain the nature of Muslim Marriage and discuss the essential requirement of a Valid Marriage. · 1×
15 Explain "Divorce" among Muslims. Discuss the classification and different modes of Divorce in case of Muslim marriages. · 1×
15 State the concept of "Dower" under Muslim law with relevant case laws. · 1×
15 Explain the law relating to maintenance of a Muslim divorced wife. · 1×
15 What are the sources of Muslim Law? [remainder not photographed]. · 1×
15 What are the different kinds of guardianship known to Muslim Law? · 1×
15 Discuss Origin and Development of Muslim Law. · 1×
15 Explain various sources of Muslim Law. · 1×
15 Write the Meaning of Will and discuss the requisites of a Void Will and distinguish between Will and Gift under Muslim law. · 1×
15 How can a marriage under Muslim Law be dissolved? Discuss the rights of a Divorced Muslim wife to seek maintenance from her husband. · 1×