Paper III-B Optional

Human Rights Law

UDHR, ICCPR and ICESCR, the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 and the NHRC, Articles 21–22, public-interest litigation, and leading cases on dignity, custody, legal aid and gender justice.

12 question papers Read or download papers

Study aid only. Confirm statute numbers with the current bare Act and the official OU LL.B. (3-YDC) 2024–25 syllabus PDF.

Unit I: International Bill of Rights

UDHR and the idea of human rights 2 cases ICCPR, ICESCR and India's obligations 2 cases

Unit II: Protection of Human Rights Act and the NHRC

Definitions, constitution and functions of the NHRC 2 cases Inquiries, State Commissions and relationship with courts 2 cases

Unit III: Articles 21 and 22

Expanded Article 21: procedure, dignity and livelihood 3 cases Article 22: arrest, detention and preventive detention 2 cases

Unit IV: Public-interest litigation and judicial enforcement

PIL, locus standi and continuing mandamus 2 cases Gender justice as a human right 2 cases

Unit V: Custody, legal aid and fair trial

Custodial violence and public-law compensation 2 cases Undertrials, legal aid and conditions of detention 3 cases